Trichomoniasis is a disease caused by a protozoan that affects birds of different species. It can manifest itself through different symptoms, which makes it difficult to identify. In this article on our site we are going to explain what is trichomoniasis in birds and what is its treatment.
On the other hand, we will pay special attention to the course of this disease in canaries and pigeons, very popular birds that can present different symptoms. Thus, if you observe any of the signs that we will describe, you will know how to act.
What is trichomoniasis in birds? - Causes
Trichomoniasis in birds is a disease caused by a protozoan called Trichomonas gallinae. It is also known as "chubby cheeks" or, more descriptively, "puffy eye disease." Birds are infected by establishing direct contact, but they can also get sick by eating food contaminated by the protozoan or through the umbilical cord in the case of chicks, if the parasite manages to enter it. In the latter case, what is known as omphalitis is caused, which is an infection of the navel due to contamination of the nest caused by the parents. In addition, it is common for sick birds to rub against different objects to alleviate the discomfort they feel, contaminating the environment.
Trichomoniasis can be complicated by the concurrence of other pathogens, such as bacteria or fungi, leading to opportunistic secondary infections. It affects different birds, such as canaries, pigeons, birds of prey, chickens or turkeys.
Symptoms of trichomoniasis in birds
Trichomoniasis can be asymptomatic, but it can also manifest itself with symptoms that will depend on the affected species, the severity of the infestation or the previous state of the immune system. In general, these are the most common:
- The most characteristic symptom is the appearance of lumps or swelling around the eyes, with the appearance of donuts. The area may be red.
- Feathers stuck around the eye due to the secretions that are generated.
- Itching, which makes the bird rub against any object.
- Digestive problems, especially diarrhea.
- The mouth, especially the palate, and the pharynx may be affected, forming yellowish plaques that evolve into granulomas or encapsulations of the parasite that prevent feeding and, sometimes, also breathing.
- When the parasite infects the umbilical cord, yellowish accumulations are observed.
- Sudden death.
Sometimes, the symptoms can be confused with other diseases, such as avian pox. That is why the veterinarian, better if he is specialized in birds, will confirm the presence of the parasite by observing a sample of the lesions or secretions under a microscope. If symptoms indicate trichomoniasis, even though the protozoan is not visible, treatment can be started. An improvement in the clinical picture is another way to confirm the diagnosis of trichomoniasis in birds. Any symptom such as those mentioned requires consultation with the veterinarian, since healing is related to the speed with which treatment is started.
Symptoms of trichomoniasis in canaries
Trichomoniasis in birds can affect canaries and, as we have indicated, in these animals it usually develops in a particular way, which is why we make a special mention. It is common for trichomoniasis or chubby cheeks in canaries to manifest with lesions around the eyes Normally there is a swelling and the feathers around the eye have the appearance of being wet. This swelling will increase until the eye is completely closed. If we appreciate these symptoms in a canary that lives with others, it is recommended to separate it to avoid contagion. The symptoms cause itching, which makes him seek relief by rubbing against objects, thus contaminating the environment. The aviary should also be cleaned to reduce the risk of transmission.
Since this pathology can be confused with others, consult the most common diseases in canaries in this other article.
Symptoms of trichomoniasis in pigeons
On the other hand, trichomoniasis is more common in pigeons, manifesting itself with damage inside the mouth and even the crop. The liver and lung may also be affected, in what is considered an internal or organic variant of the disease. The organ that is usually most damaged is the liver, in which granulomas are formed.
Birds less than three months old get sick more. They begin to show decay and a reddened throat, which is immediately covered with yellow plaques on the palate. Organ damage also occurs. It is considered that almost all pigeons are carriers of Trichomonas without showing symptoms, although theoretically the treatment manages to completely eradicate the parasite. If for some reason their defenses are lowered, the disease could begin to show clinical signs. In them, trichomoniasis in birds is also called "gangrenous sore" or "chancre" and is treated with carnidazole.
In this other article we talk about the most common diseases in pigeons.
How to cure trichomoniasis in birds? - Treatment
Trichomoniasis in birds is a disease that can be treated, but it is important to do it as soon as possible, otherwise, sequels could remain or even healing would be impossible. Trichomonas are sensitive to nitromidazole derivatives, which are trichomonicide drugs considered very safe, as they will only cause adverse neurological or gastrointestinal effects if administered at a much higher dose than necessary. Thus, if we talk about medicines for trichomoniasis in birds, the veterinarian will be able to select between different drugs from this group, such as metronidazole, which is the most used, ronidazole or carnidazole, which is a latest-generation nitromidazole that has the advantage that you only need one dose and offer an apparently faster recovery. The veterinarian will opt for one depending on the characteristics of each case.
Depending on the medication prescribed, the treatment of trichomoniasis in birds will last from a couple of days to 7-10 Of course, It is essential to follow it as indicated by the veterinarian so that it is effective and there is no overdose. If no improvement is seen in a few days, the professional should be informed, as it may be necessary to change nitromidazole. These drugs can be administered in the drinking water or directly to the affected animal.
In addition, it is recommended to supplement the bird's diet with vitamin supplements, especially those rich in vitamin A, as it favors the recovery of epithelial and mucosal lesions and also has an immunostimulatory effect. Bathrooms with disinfectant products are also recommended to sanitize the affected areas.
In cases where the disease has been complicated by the presence of other pathogens, the veterinarian will also prescribe specific drugs to combat them, such as antibiotics or anti-inflammatories Birds in worse condition may need fluid therapy or force feeding. When trichomoniasis is recurrent, the veterinarian can establish a preventive treatment.
